Our latest research:

We’re All Building the Same Thing

From asynchronous execution to continuous block building and streaming, both integrated and modular chains are converging on similar architectures. Is there any difference at the end of it all?

Modular Money: Liquid Staking for People in a Hurry

Explore LSTs across Cosmos and modular chains in the Celestia ecosystem with Stride.

L1s vs. L2s, Rollups vs. Integrated, General-purpose vs. App-specific

When, where, and why to build an L1 vs. an L2, a rollup vs. an integrated chain, and an app-chain vs. a general-purpose chain.

Do Rollups Inherit Security?

Chains aren't secure, confirmation rules are.

Endgame: Proof of Governance

Analysis of the endgame for proof-of-stake, liquid staking tokens, dual governance, proof-of-governance, restaking, & PEPC.

The Rollup Multiverse

Follow-up post on rollups’ fundamental security and social consensus properties.

Rollups Are L1s (& L2s)

A.k.a. How Rollups *Actually Actually Actually* Work

How To Do Lower-Case r research

Reflections, ramblings, and advice after a year in crypto.

SUAVE, Anoma, Shared Sequencers, & Super Builders

Analysis of how SUAVE and Anoma approach the preferences/intents space from opposite ends. Related discussion on shared sequencers, super builders, and cross-domain atomicity.

Rollups Aren’t Real

How to make rollups real. The complete guide to sequencer decentralization, shared sequencers, cross-chain atomicity, MEV-awareness for rollups, and SUAVE.